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Dear PharmPK colleagues,
I am preparing a set of lessons about clinical PK, and I wish to introduce
it by an historical perspective. However, textbooks and review papers
contain few references on that topic. Would someone know about seminal
works and papers on PK in the past ? Who introduced first the concepts of
compartment models to describe the fate of drugs in the body ? When was the
relevance of such descriptions recognised as clinically important ? Which
were the most cited papers in that field some decades ago ?
Thanks in advance for your collaboration,
Regards
Thierry BUCLIN, MD
Division of Clinical Pharmacology
University Hospital CHUV - Beaumont 633
1011 Lausanne - SWITZERLAND
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[This seemed to be a popular question ;-) so I've put the replies received
this morning together in one message. It seems John Wagner's paper and book
are good reviews with the Rescigno and Segre book another early reference.
From Gibaldi and Perrier's first edition of 'Pharmacokinetics' some early
names include Dost, Kruger-Thiemer, Nelson, Teorell. The earliest reference
listed was by Teorell. See the reply by Schoenwald below for the citations.
Wagner's book "Biopharmaceutics and Relevant Pharmacokinetics" provides a
biography starting on page 331(as mentioned by Schoenwald and lists as the
earliest paper; Hanzlik, P.J.: The absorption of sodium iodide, J.
Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 3:387-421, 1912!!!
Thierry BUCLIN, Any chance you might post a short summary after you digest
the references that you receive? Thanks - db]
From: "Gibson, Don"
To: "'PharmPK.-at-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu'"
Subject: History of PK
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 12:16:05 -0400
X-Priority: 3
Mime-Version: 1.0
A paper by John Wagner "History of Pharmacokinetics" Pharm. Ther. Vol.
12. pp 537 - 562, 1981 contains good historical information on the
subject.
Don Gibson
Parke-Davis
From: "Robert D. Phair, Ph.D."
To: "'PharmPK.-a-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu'"
Subject: History of PK
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 12:54:50 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Thierry-
In the late 1960s, when I first learned about kinetics, the seminal book
was by Aldo Rescigno and Giorgio Segre. It's title is Drug and Tracer
Kinetics published by Blaisdell 1966, based on a translation of the Italian
edition published in 1961. Since that time numerical solutions of the full
differential equation systems have largely supplanted the Laplace transform
methods of this book, but no review of the history of PK could be complete
without reference to Rescigno and Segre.
Regards,
Bob
----------
Robert D. Phair, Ph.D. rphair.at.bioinformaticsservices.com
BioInformatics Services http://www.bioinformaticsservices.com
Partnering and Outsourcing for Computational Biology
From: Masood_Bhatti.-a-.hazleton.com
Date: Wed, 03 Sep 97 11:49:00 CST
To: PharmPK.at.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu
Subject: History of PK
Please give me a copy of the "History of PK" when it is
done.
Masood
From: "Tata, Prasad"
To: "'PharmPK.aaa.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu'"
Subject: RE: History of PK
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 13:13:51 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
In Pharmaceutical News there were series of articles by Dr. Gibaldi they
should help you. Vol 1 of Phamacokinetics and BioPharmaceutics presented
a historical perspective. May be a personal letter to Dr. Gibaldi (U of
Washington) and Dr. Gerhard Levi (SUNY Buffalo) will help. Provide me
your fax no. may be I can fax you some articles.
Food thought who could have started the idea of Pharmacokinetics
My thought is Anesthesiologist.
Prasad
From: "James D. Coyle"
To: "'PharmPK.-at-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu'"
Subject: History of PK
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 13:23:35 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Dr. Buclin,
The best "History of Pharmacokinetics" review of which I'm aware was
written by John Wagner. The reference is as follows:
Wagner JG. "History of Pharmacokinetics" in International Encyclopedia of
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Section 122. Pharmacokinetics: Theory and
Methodology. Rowland M and Tucker G. (eds). Pergamon Press, NY, 1986.
Jim Coyle, Pharm.D.
College of Pharmacy
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
Date: Wed, 03 Sep 1997 16:40:29 -0400
From: Koplowitz Barry
Subject: RE: History of PK
To: PharmPK.at.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu
Serveral years ago John Wagner wrote an article which outlined the history of
pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately I do no remember the journal.
X-Sender: rschoenw.-a-.blue.weeg.uiowa.edu
Date: Wed, 03 Sep 1997 18:45:02 -0500
To: PharmPK.at.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu
From: Ron Schoenwald
Subject: Re: History of PK
Mime-Version: 1.0
An excellent bibliography of early pharmacokinetic work is referenced in
Chapter 43 of Wagner's text titled, "Biopharmaceutics and Relevant
Pharmacokinetics" 1st edition, Drug Intelligence, 1971. Page 331 of this
text lists two papers by Torsten Teorell that I have always assumed to be
the first publication of a solution to a two compartment open model along
with the assumptions important to the modern definition of
multicompartments. The reference is Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn.,
57:205-225, 1937 and ibid, 57:226-240, 1937. The bibliography is
excellent with regard to papers published prior to 1963.
Ron Schoenwald
Professor, Pharmaceutics Division
Date: 04 Sep 1997 08:09:08 EST
From: "Vladimir Piotrovskij"
Subject: Re: History of PK
To: PharmPK.-at-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu
Comment: MEMO 09/04/97 08:03:00
I would recommend an old review by Prof. Wagner:
Authors
Wagner JG.
Title
History of pharmacokinetics. [Review] [269 refs]
Source
Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 12(3):537-62, 1981.
Hope this helps
---
V. Piotrovsky
From: "Gabrielsson, Johan"
To: "'PharmPK.-at-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu'"
Subject: History of PK
Date: Thu, 4 Sep 1997 08:29:36 +0200
Mime-Version: 1.0
Dear PK Historian,
Dr. John Wagner wrote an excellent paper about 'History of
pharmacokinetics' which appeared in Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the
beginning of the 80ies and in International encyclopedia of Pharmacology
and Therapeutics Section 122 (Ed. m.Rowland and G. Tucker), 1986,
Pergamon Press.
That paper contains many of the early references you may be looking for.
Other good references on the early work are by Rescigno and Segre, 'Drug
and Tracer kinetics', 1961, 1966, Blaisdell Publishing Company or D.S.
Riggs 'Mathematical Problems to physiological problems, 1963 Williams
and Wilkins, or by Lassen and Perl 'Tracer Kinetics Methods in
Physiology', 1979, Raven Press.
Johan Gabrielsson
Comments: Authenticated sender is
From: xwang.-a-.mga.com
Organization: MGA Software
To: PharmPK.-a-.pharm.cpb.uokhsc.edu
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 20:47:17 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Subject: History of PK
Priority: normal
There is a PK history paper a few years ago by John Wagner of
Upjohn. You might find this of value.
Xiaofeng Wang
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Dear colleague
I have information probably of interes for you in the topic of history of
PK:
- Pharmacokinetics Bibliography. Revision of Prof. Edward Garret in the
Course of Pharmacokinetics (Gainesville, Florida). I have the edition of
1981. This revision is a expanded from:
"A Bibliography of Selected Pharmacokinetic Topics" by David H.
Coccheto and Willian A. Wargin, Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy,
14, 769 (1980).
- Spanish publications of this topic:
a) Evolucion historica de la Biofarmacia y farmacocinetica, una
nueva disciplina farmaceutica. I.G. Alonso, J.M. Lanao, A. Dominguez-Gil.
Industria Farmaceutica: 2: 151-156. 1990.
b) Biofarmacia y farmacocinetica: aproximacion historica. I.
Origenes y ecuador de la farmacocinetica. Lopez Guzman, J., Vidal Casero,
M.C., Pla Delfina, JM.. Ciencia Pharmaceutica. 2 (5): 349-357. 1992.
c) Biofarmacia y farmacocinetica: aproximacion historica. II. La
expansion de la farmacocinetica. Lopez Guzman, J., Vidal Casero M, Pla
Delfina, JM. Ciencia Pharmaceutica. 2(6): 419-432. 1992.
c) Biofarmacia y farmacocinetica: aproximacion historica. III.
Biofarmacia: estudios de biodisponibilidad. 3(1): 41-54. 1993.
d) Biofarmacia y famacocinetica: aproximacion historica. IV.
Biofarmacia: modulacion de la biodisponibilidad. 3(2): 97-116. 1993.
e) Farmacia Clinica, farmacocinetica y adminstracion de
medicamentos. Marino, E.L., Modamio, P., Montejo, O., Lastra, C.F. Rev.
O.F.I.L. 6 (4): 258-270. 1996.
If you prefer (give me your fax number or your address) I can send you one
copy.
- The exactly information about the book of Rescigno and Segre, is:
DRUG AND TRACER KINETICS
ALDO RESCIGNO. University of New South Wales, Australian National
University.
GIORGIO SEGRE. University of Camerino, Italy.
BLAISDELL PUBLISHING COMPANY. A Division of Ginn and Company.
1966. Walthman. Massachusetts. Toronto. London.
Translated from the italian: LA CINETICA DEI FARMACI E DEI TRACCIANTI
RADIOATTIVI (1961), by PIERO ARIOTI.
In all case, I think that no review of the history of PK coul be complete
without reference to Prof. Edward Garret.
Please give me a copy of "History of PK" when it is done.
Luck!
Prof. Eduardo L. Marino. Pharm. D., Ph.D.
----------
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoterapy Unit.
Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Barcelona.
Avda. Joan XXIII s/n. 08028-Barcelona. (Spain).
Tel. ++ 34 3 4024545. Fax: ++ 34 3 4021886.
http://www.ub.es/farcli/wp0.htm
____________
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Dear Colleague:
In the history of pharmacokinetics, as far as I know, it begins
with the
work of Torsten Theorell in 1937, who described the basic differential
equations for a 3 compsrtment linear system. Then, interestingly enough, we
can go back a bit further to Dr. Harry Gold at Cornell, who was the one who
invented the ides of a loading dose of digitoxin followed by a maintenance
dose. About 1929, for example, ie talks about cumulation being a
self-limited phenomenon, and about each patient eliminating a certain
fraction of drug from his body each day. In JAMA 92: 1421-1423, 1929, you
see this. In later works you can see that he has not followed this through
formally, and, without any assays, gets this idea confused with another
one, that it may require more digitalis to get a patient out of failure
than to keep him out of failure after that.There are articles about 1932-33
that show this.
Then we can jump to the work of A. Augsberger in Klinische
Wochenschrift
99; 945-951, 1954, Quantitatives zur Therapie mit Herzglycosiden, who took
the ratios of comminly accepted ratios of loading and maintenance dosed of
verious digitalis compounds, worked out their kinetics from this, and
compared these predicted amounts of digitoxin, for example, with the effect
of it on ventricular rate in A fib as studied by Gold later on in 1946. He
also showed examples with Cedilanid and Acetyl digoxin. To my knowledge,
this was the first truly pharmacokinetically oriented work dealing with
digitalis therapy in its quantitative and pharmacokinetic aspects.
Then came Ekkehard Kruger-Thiemer, who laid out the formal theory
of drug
dosage regimens is several good articles in J Theoret Biol in 1966. Our
work on digitalis built on this, and was first described in Math
Biosciences 1: 305-3325, 1967, Ann. Int. Med. 69: 703-717, 1968, and 72;
453-464, 1970, and Math Biosciences 14: 17-24, 1972.
Hope this is useful.
Roger Jelliffe
************************************************
Roger W. Jelliffe, M.D.
USC Lab of Applied Pharmacokinetics
CSC 134-B, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles CA 90033
Phone (213)342-1300, Fax (213)342-1302
email=jelliffe.aaa.hsc.usc.edu
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ANSWER TO DR THIERRY BUCLIN
Dear Colleague,
I may have missed some part of the email exchanges related to the history
of pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, I may duplicate information you already
have.
I believe that one important person in this context is F.H. DOST from
Germany who published in 1953 (Georg Thieme, Leipzig) the book: "Der
Blutspiegel: Kinetik der Konzentrationsablaufe in der
Kreislaufflussigkeit". It is said that in this book he coined the word
"Pharmakokinetik". This is a least what is written in the Foreword of the
second edition "Grundagen der Pharmakokinetik" of 1968 (Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart).
With the hope that this information is of help.
Best regards, Luc P. Balant
Department of Psychiatry
2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air
CH-1225 CHENE-BOURG
Phone +41-22-305.57.96
Fax +41-22-305.57.99
Email: balant.-a-.cmu.unige.ch
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